You Must Have an Abortion in Hills Like White Elephants by...

The short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway, is about a man trying to convince his girlfriend to have an abortion. The couple sits in a train station waiting for their trip to Barcelona, and are staring outside at the scenery—the line of hills â€Å"like white elephants†, as the girl, Jig, remarks. They sit and drink and they try to keep conversation light and to enjoy themselves. As the story progresses, however, cause for their underlying tenseness boils to the surface. From the beginning of the story, the female protagonist, Jig, seems to be the type of woman to allow a man to make her decisions for her. The first line of conversation in the story is the girl asking â€Å"What should we drink?† and the man orders†¦show more content†¦The ending of the story is rather ambiguous as it is not completely obvious what decision the two end up making. The man could have talked the girl into undergoing the procedure, or not. A t one point toward the end, Jig tells him to â€Å"please please please please please please please stop talking†, and when he doesn’t she threatens to scream. This probably means that she had made up her mind, but it could be in either direction. In the end, she smiles at him, and he asks her if she feels better; she says that she feels fine. That could mean that she had made peace with the decision to abort their child or that she was proud of herself for finally standing up to him and making her choice not to abort final. Either way, making this choice is harder on her as she would be the one to undergo the operation, and she very well knows that he most likely will not stay with her if she decides to keep the child. No matter what she chooses, however, their relationship will never be the same. The author writes the story in a very interesting way. The way that there are only a few descriptions scattered about and that it focuses on dialogue is what allows us to fi gure out what the characters are speaking about and to find the intentions behind their words. The subject of this short narrative stands out boldly. Though it was written inShow MoreRelatedErnest Hemingway s Life As A Writer1074 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Miller Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Chicago, IL to Clarence and Grace Hill-Hemingway. Ernest’s parents were a physician and a musician, respectively, and were both well educated individuals who encouraged their children to follow in their footsteps educationally. Ernest Hemingway began his career as an author and journalist at the age of seventeen. Ernest took a high school course in Journalism taught by Fannie Biggs, which was taught, as though the classroom were a newspaper officeRead MoreAbortion In Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants1237 Words   |  5 Pages The short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemingway, talk about a young couple and their relationship issue about abortion. Even though, the story happened in a short period of time, but it tells more than just a story. The woman named Jig, where the man only called as â€Å" a man† or â€Å" The American.† Although the relationship between them is complicated, but it is clearly that they are not married. However, they continued their relationship which came to result that Jig became pregnantRead More Hemingways Personal Life and its Influence on his Short Story, Hills Like White Elephants1409 Words   |  6 PagesShort Story Hills Like White Elephants Hills like White Elephants is not the normal story where you have a beginning, middle and end. Hemingway gave just enough information so that readers could draw their own conclusions. The entire story encompasses a conversation between two lovers and leaves the reader with more questions than answers. Ernest Hemingway was a brilliant writer. People that study Hemingways works try to gain insight and draw natural conclusions about Hemingway and his lifeRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1037 Words   |  5 Pages102 Scheck February 10, 2016 â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be puzzling and hard to decipher. Due to this, a number of conclusions can be drawn away from the text. The dialog between characters leaves a number of questions unanswered and leaves the reader confused about the conversation as a whole. Many things are left unsaid and not explained in the story, with that being the case, the reader must take a look at the symbolismRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundation of trust between a man and woman. In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† we learn about the communication breakdown, between a woman named Jig and her companion who is an American man. They must make a decision that will affect both of their lives, and potentially end their relationship. The setting of the story represents Jig and her relationship with her American companion. â€Å"The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no treesRead MoreErnest Hemingway s Hills Like White Elephants952 Words   |  4 PagesErnest Hemingway, a well-known American writer, was born in Cicero, Illinois, in 1899. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† was written in 1927, the short story is about a young couple, located at a train station somewhere in Spain, who throughout the story are having a verbal argument about an unnamed operation. The reader can quickly figure out that the operation the two main characters, the American and Jig, are discussing is an abortion. Ernest Hemingway’sRead MoreAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Earnest Hemingway is a short story from 1927 that d escribes a couple drinking at a train station in Spain, and the story is relayed by an outside narrator. The third person narrator in this story gives the reader the events pieced together, told afterward, and translated to English. It is clear throughout the story that the girl (who is never named) does not speak Spanish, while her boyfriend does. When he first orders two beers, he does so in Spanish through statingRead MoreSymbolism In Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway844 Words   |  4 Pages In Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† I noticed the characters drinking copious amounts of alcohol. Alcohol is notoriously known for its ‘cure-all or drink until you forget why you started’ abilities. Therefore, I wanted to start with Hills Like White Elephants. When Hemingway first eases the readers into the story, he talks about a junction where a man and woman are waiting for their train. While at this junction, both parties are continuously throwing back beer afterRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1517 Words   |  7 PagesDisempowerment in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† Ernest Hemingway uses his in-depth ability of foreshadowing to provide the reader with little information on the stories background or future events to come. At first glance, the discussion that takes place in story seems like a minor argument between a couple at a train station in Spain. However, upon deeper analysis, this piece takes a stab at one of the touchiest subject’s world-wide - abortion. The femaleRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1432 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstood behaviors. Ernest Hemingway weaves both of these stereotypes into his short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† The story’s plot revolves around a couple arguing about whether or not to have an abortion. In Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† a theme of male domination can be found, but by examining the dialogue closely, a theme of females asserting their will and manipula ting emerges as well. Male domination is the primary and most obvious theme in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† During the

Essay on Langston Hughes is America - 677 Words

Langston Hughes is America The poets life is the focusing glass through which passes the determinants of the shape of his work: the tradition available to him, his understanding of Kinds, the impact of special experiences (travel, love, etc.). (Fielder 1431). Langston Hughes did not have an easy life. Being a young black male during the 1920s, Hughes was constantly being discriminated against by the color of his skin. Because of that harsh reality, most of his work was centered around the African Americans fight for racial equality. One good example of this is shown in his poem I, Too. Hughes writes about being discriminated against because he was black. Around the time of the twenties, there†¦show more content†¦He wrote about the injustices present He wrote of the capacity of black people to endure, while even taunting the belief that blacks would overcome. (Pinckney 773). In the first line of I, Too, Hughes says that he too sings America. He is saying that he too sings America. He is saying that he embraces everything America embodies, everything that established her in the first place. He sings for the freedom, the beautiful mountains, and her independence. Even though he embraces America in all her beauty, he is really saying I love this country and I should be socially acceptable in it. He wants everyone to see this, especially when he states that he is the darker brother. That second line quos the reader into why he is not accepted into society. That line spoke true of his life and what he faced everyday just walking down the street Because he was the darker brother, they would send him away to eat in the kitchen when company would come. However, he says he laughs, eats well, and grows strong. He knows one day African Americans will be accepted into society. Therefore, he takes care of himself and does not let societys opinion get him down. He is confident in this because when company comes they will be ashamed that they did not let him eat out in the open. Society will see his beauty and not see him as a disgrace. He finishes off his poem saying that he is America too. He is the freedom, the beautifulShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes America Essays976 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"America the melting pot.† An expression used by many and often said in a prideful manner. We Americans like to think of ourselves as all accepting and welcoming to everyone, and while that may be true in general, discrimination still exist throughout the country. Fortunately, racism has significantly lowered thanks to the Civil rights movement. Each American can now express who they are without a major fear of contempt or prejudice. Prior to the Civil rights movement, racism ran rampant, particularlyRead MoreLet America Be America Again by Langston Hughes946 Words   |  4 PagesName Instructor Course Date of submission Let America Be America Again By Langston Hughes Theme: Freedom In his poem, let America be America again, Hughes focuses on American freedom and equality. His concern was on the socio-economic division in the American society. Relating the American declaration at independence, Hughes observes that the road to achievement of equality and freedom lost. The country has become corrupt and its leaders and businessmen are greedy. The grabbed land and goldRead MoreI Hear America Singing By Langston Hughes991 Words   |  4 Pages Langston Hughes spoke and captivated the general struggles of an African American’s life during the 1900s through his poem, â€Å"I, Too.† Hughes’ points out the injustice of bigotry or one’s beliefs in America, and his overall message is saying that an African American’s hard work is just as noteworthy as any other American. In contrast, Walt Whitman, author of â€Å"I Hear America Singing,† speaks about the employed citizens of America. He gives honor to those who are living their lives and working to makeRead MoreThe Poem Let America Be America Again By Langston Hughes1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe poem â€Å"Let America Be America Again,† by Langston Hughes, brings up two sides to the discussion about what America means to people. It discusses the fact that to some people, America is an amazing land, where people are free from oppression and have rights. The poem, however, does not neglect the fact that there are people who have never experienced those freedoms and rights, nor does it neglect the fact that the people who have not experienced those rights also live in America. The issue aboutRead MoreI Too, Sing America By Langston Hughes925 Words   |  4 PagesTashi Wangyal Prof. Hendrickson English 102 29 June 2017 Futurist-The Langston Hughes In his poem â€Å"I, too, sing America,† Langston Hughes has positively predict that there will be no racial segregation, inequality, injustice, and discrimination in society for African Americans in the near future. Whereas it is also true that African Americans have suffered a lot during the twentieth century. Hughes is correct in his prediction that he foresees racial equality in society and African Americans areRead MoreEssay on Idealism in Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes815 Words   |  4 PagesIdealism in Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the poem Let America Be America Again, Langston Hughes paints a vivid word picture of a depressed America in the 1930s. To many living in America, the idealism presented as the American Dream had escaped their grasp. In this poetic expression, a speaker is allowed to voice the unsung Americans concern of how America was intended to be, had become to them, and could aspire to be again.    Using a conversationalRead MoreLangston Hughes Let America Be America Again Poem Analysis1122 Words   |  5 Pagessociety and speak out against them in hopes of reaching equality for all. Langston Hughes used his voice in poetry to express his experience as a black man in the United States during the Civil Rights Movement, and his is a household name. There is no doubt that his words have power. The reader expects to feel his experience and gain empathy and understanding through his poetry. In his poem, â€Å"Let America Be America Again,† Hughes presents his experience of American life in a powerful contrast to theRead More`` Let America Be America Again `` By Langston Hughes And Upton Sinclair1310 Words   |  6 PagesStates of America. Every American child grows up with the words â€Å"the land of the free† pounded into their heads, and every morning schools declare America as a place of â€Å"liberty and justice for all.† Such inflated rhetoric presents A merica with large shoes to fill. Thus, America’s shortcomings should not be surprising. Langston Hughes and Upton Sinclair were two 20th Century writers, who saw past this idealistic talk and saw the jungle that the United States really was. Langston Hughes wrote in hisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Literary Work Let America Be America Again By Langston Hughes1324 Words   |  6 Pageswork â€Å"Let America be America Again† by Langston Hughes Man has always been interested in analyzing issues in the history of the world. People tend to appreciate it when grand historical events are described in works of literature. Consequently, writers and poets, try to capture every single step of societal and personal experiences in their works. One of such writers is Langston Hughes whose poem â€Å"Let America be America Again† speaks to certain events in the history of America. Several historicalRead MoreThe Difference Between Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing998 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be talking about the differences between Walt Whitmans poem â€Å" I Hear America Singing† and Langston Hughes poem â€Å" I, Too, Sing America†. I will also be giving my opinion on whether or not Langston Hughes is responding to Walt Whitmans poem. Langston Hughes was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and a columnist from Joplin, Missouri. Walt Whitman was an American po et, essayist, and a journalist from West Hills, New York. This is all just background information

A Search For Identity The Bluest Eyes free essay sample

A Search For Identity ( The Bluest Eyes ) Essay, Research Paper A Search For A Self Finding a self-identity is frequently a mark of maturating and turning up. This becomes the chief issue in Toni Morrison s novel The Bluest Eyes. Pecola Breedlove, Cholly Breedlove, and Pauline Breedlove are such characters that search for their individuality through others that has influenced them and by the life styles that they have. First, Pecola Breedlove struggles to acquire accepted into society due to the beauty factor that the norm has. Cholly Breedlove, her male parent, is a rummy who has jobs that he takes out of Pecola sexually and Pauline physically. Pauline is Cholly s married woman that is neer at that place for her girls. Pacola is a small black miss has a difficult clip happening herself. Brought up as a hapless unwanted miss, she desires the credence and love of society. We will write a custom essay sample on A Search For Identity The Bluest Eyes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The universe has led her to believe that she is ugly and that the prototype of # 8220 ; beautiful # 8221 ; requires bluish eyes. Every dark before she goes to kip, she prays that may she wake up with bluish eyes. The image of # 8220 ; Shirley Temple beauty # 8221 ; surrounds her. In her head, if she were to be beautiful, people would eventually love and accept her. This thought of beauty has been imprinted on Pecola her whole full life. Many people have inscribed this impression into her. Her schoolmates besides have an consequence on her. They seem to believe that because she is non beautiful ; she is non deserving anything except as the focal point of their jeer. As if it were non bad plenty being ridiculed by kids her ain age, grownups besides had to mock her. Mr. Yacowbski as a symbol for the remainder of society # 8217 ; s norm, treats her as if she were unseeable. Geraldine, a coloured adult female, who refused to digest # 8220 ; niggas # 8221 ; , happened to walk in wh ile Pecola was in her house. By holding an grownup point out to her that she truly was a # 8220 ; nasty # 8221 ; small miss, it seems all the more true. At place she was put through the same thing, if non worse because her household members were the 1s who were supposed to love her. It was obvious to Pecola that her female parent preferred the small white miss of the household that she worked for over her. One twenty-four hours as Pecola was sing her female parent at the place where she is working, Pecola by chance knocked over a blueberry pie. Obviously burned by the hot pastry, her female parent wholly ignored Pecola # 8217 ; s feelings of hurting and alternatively tended to the comforting of her white # 8220 ; girl # 8221 ; . For a small miss, the love of her female parent is the most of import love she can have. Without that, how can she believe that she is deserving anything at all? Finally the colza by her male parent is the last grounds Pecola needs to believe wholly tha t she is an ugly unlovable miss. While in most instances a male parent figure is one who small misss look to for counsel and blessing, Cholly is the exact antonym. He hurts Pecola in a physical manner that in one effort measures up to the old ages of hurtful jeer. After this event, Pecola went insane, everlastingly halting her from happening what she truly is. Cholly Breedlove the male parent of Pecola is an alcoholic asshole. He was born to an unwed female parent that abandoned him three yearss after his birth ; and his male parent ran off one time he was born. This finally is the chief cause why he had acted like he acted towards his household and particularly towards Pecola. After his legal defender, hello s aunt, dies, Cholly decided that as an interior mission he needs to happen his male parent to happen himself. This long hunt ends in an highly dissatisfactory – crushing- experience. As Cholly tries to explicate his individuality to his male parent, his ( father’s ) face alterations as he begins to understand, avoiding the fact that he is Cholly s biological male parent. This highly awkward brush with his male parent scars him for life. His lone image of a male parent figure is one who brings hurting. Another cause of his eventual ruin was the manner the community perceived him. They treated him disrespectfully, talked about him behind his dorsum, and made a jeer of his name. After Cholly attempts to fire his ain house down, he earns a repute as being a villain. With that in head he could travel nowhere but down. His conclusiveness occurs at the same time with the colza of Pecola. He had non imagined that he had did this to this really ain girl. His hunt for himself en ded in devastation. Pauline Breedlove, married woman of Cholly, female parent of Pecola, is a retainer in a white family. The times she was at that place working for this household without any reminder of her ain failures were the lone times that she felt genuinely happy. It was at that place and merely there that she eventually felt as if she were portion of something successful. In Pauline # 8217 ; s hunt for her individuality and finally her felicity, she learned precisely what she would hold to give so that she could be content, every bit good as the difference between herself and the remainder of society. Movies helped her the blunt difference between her and other adult females. As Pauline learned what physical beauty was, she besides learned for what it stood. In that clip physical beauty was the ideal of Shirley Temple beauty, the equation of blond hair and bluish eyes. It signified equality, felicity, worthiness, and overall comfort. If you were a white adult female with those qualities popula ting in northern America you were traveling to be happy. She rapidly learned that when she was in the company of her white household, who were equal, happy, and worthy in the eyes of society, it rubbed off on her and she felt as if she was portion of all these positive virtuousnesss. The more clip she spent with her ain black household, the more clip she realized how ugly, hapless, and unworthy they were. In coming upon this realisation, Pauline has a determination to do. She could hold stuck with her biological household, continued to be unsated but be accepted as an equal, or she could wholly give up on her ain household and give all her clip, energy, and love on her white charges. However she fails to recognize that by perpetrating herself to a servant # 8217 ; s life that # 8217 ; s all she will of all time amount to be # 8211 ; a black retainer in a white universe. Pecola # 8217 ; s hunt for individuality was defined by her everlasting desire to be loved. Her intent in life was to be beautiful and as a consequence of that to be loved. Her household and community made it impossible for her to of all time be sensibly content. Cholly # 8217 ; s household ( or miss thereof ) and his community as a male child finally influenced the manner he was as a adult male. Their effects on him molded his personality and as a consequence influenced his individuality. Pauline s confusion whether to love her household or the white household that she works for leads her to non caring that much at all. She realizes that whoever she ends up populating with will non alter who she truly is.

Napoleon Bonaparte Essays (672 words) - French Emperors,

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte, who was also known as the "Little Corsican" (and later known as Emperor of France, and the prime mover of the Napolionic Wars), was born on August 15, in 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica. From 1784 to 1785, Napoleon attended the Ecole Militire in Paris, where he received his military training. After the French Monarchy was overthrown on August 10, 1792, Napoleon decided to make his move up in the ranks. In 1793, Napoleon was chosen to direct the artillery against the siege in Toulon. He seized ground where he could get his guns in range of British ships. Soon after that, Toulon fell and he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. In 1794, he was wed to Josephine de Beauharnais. In 1795 Napoleon was appointed to put down a revolt in Paris. All he did was have his men shoot all the rebels in the streets. The French government was saved, but they decided to form a new government called the Directory. Napoleon was made commander of the French army in Italy, and he could not be stopped. Soon, instead of taking the defensive position Napoleon started taking the offensive position and thus, he started his conquest of Europe. During one attack he showed his bravery by forcing his way across a burning bridge. After that his troops gave him the name "Petit Caporal" or in English "Little Corporal" and the name stuck with him. In 1797 Napoleon negotiated a treaty with Austria called Campo Formio. Austria gave up its Netherlands and Lombardy to France. Austria also recognized Rhine as the eastern boundary of France. In return France gave Austria most of the old Venetian Republic. Napoleon returned in 1799 to find that the Directory was a mess. He, in his selfish way, saw this as the perfect time for self-advancement. So in November of 1799 he overthrew the Directory. He set up a government called the consulate in which he was the first of three consuls. About three years later, he made himself first consul for life. Everyone in France loved him then. Soon after the change in government, Napoleon began calling himself Napoleon I, instead of General Bonaparte. At this time, Napoleon had complete military and political power. In 1802, Germany and England were tired of fighting, so they signed a peace treaty. During the 14 months that followed, Napoleon drastically changed Europe. He reshaped Switzerland with France. He annexed Piedmont, Parma, and the Island of Elba to France. He also made the Napolionic code, which was the first clear, compact statement of the French law. The Napolionic Code has served as a base for legal systems all over the world. In 1803, war broke out between England and France. He crushed the Prussians at Pena. And he defeated more Russians at Friedland. He then created a peace treaty called the Peace of Tilsit. This basically brought all of Europe to his feet. In 1809 he ended his marriage with Josephine, but remarried again in 1810. At that time, he got a son, which made him very secure. Secure enough to wipe out most of the German states, which totally dissolved what was left of the Holy Roman Empire. Russia did not like Napoleon's continental system. The continental system basically cut off trade with Britain. Everyone had found ways to work around it, but Russia finally decided to abandon it. In 1812, Napoleon made a strategic error. Initially defeating the Russians at Borodino, he found the advance into Russia restrained by the "burnt-earth" strategy practiced by the Russians. As it became cold and wintry, Napoleon retreated from Moscow. In 1814, Napoleon attempted suicide, but failed. He was then exiled to the Island of Elba. In 1815, he escaped from Elba. He collected devotees along the way back to Paris, making a triumphant entry in March 1815, and forcing Louis XVIII to flee to the Netherlands. Over the next 100 days, he raised a new Grand Army, with the aim of striking at the allied armies, currently dispersed. Wellington at Waterloo then defeated him. He then abdicated in favor of his son. He was then exiled to The Atlantic Island of St. Helena. He never saw his family again. Napoleon Bonaparte died on May 5, 1821 from stomach cancer.

Major American Literature Time Periods Flashcard

Major American Literature Time Periods

Communication in the Courtroom Essays

Communication in the Courtroom Essays Communication in the Courtroom Essay Communication in the Courtroom Essay This paper will discuss communication techniques largely used by the attorneys. After all, who are best actors? When does communication start? The communication process begins when potential Jurors are summoned by written communication through the united states Postal system to attend court for jury selection. Each Juror is directed to the appropriate courtroom through verbal communication by court officers. Once inside the courtroom, the court clerk verbally calls out each Jurors name to complete attendance. Jurors raise their hands to acknowledge their presence. A written questionnaire Is distributed to each Juror to omelet while simultaneously viewing a video covering the history of jury duty. Judges Introduction The Judge verbally Introduces himself. As a form of Introduction, the Judge then visually and verbally directs the Jurors attention towards the court clerk. The stenographer, the court officers, and the attorneys representing the plaintiff and defendant. After introducing key players in the courtroom, the Judge gives a brief overview of how Jury duty has been conducted throughout history. Rules and procedures of the court are verbally reviewed and presented to all Jurors by the Judge. This communication process informs the jurors what to expect and allows them to feel comfortable and at ease. Jury Selection (Over Dire) The second process off court trial proceeding is Jury selection. Jury selection is also referred to as vote dire. An attorneys goal during the vole dire process is to get to know the Jury, their experiences, and any blabs or prejudices which may Influence their responsibility as jurors to reach a verdict. The attorneys other goal during this process Is to educate Ana persuade ten Jury regarding ten Tact AT ten case. Ho goals to be accomplished, appropriate and effective communication skills between he attorney and Jurors are important. Questions presented by the attorney to the Jurors include, but are not limited to: age, marital status, employment history, hobbies, volunteer activities, religious beliefs, and education. The attorney must present these questions to the Jury with thoughtful and planned verbal communication. Blackman Brinkman, 2010) While asking these questions, words such as prejudice, bias and stereotype should be avoided. Instead, focus on more neutral words like discomfort. (Blackman Brinkman, 2010) This period of questioning, during the over dire process, is an important stage of communication between the attorney and the Jurors. Gender and race related prejudices are unacceptable to society; Jurors will not openly admit their prejudices. The prosecutor and defe nse attorney must consciously select words which will offer Jurors an opportunity to share their concerns. Carefully chosen words are demonstrated in the following expert. (Blackman Brinkman, 2010) My client is an African American man. Sometimes people have strong feelings about certain groups of people that can get in the way of rendering a fair and impartial verdict. Or, some people may feel uncomfortable about a case in which an African American man is accused of attacking a white woman. Or, there may be other aspects of this case having nothing to do with my clients race or gender that make you feel uncomfortable and that we have not already discussed. If you have any such discomfort for any reason, please raise your hand. (Blackman Brinkman, 2010) Opening Statement Each attorneys opening statement is, again, an important part of communication with the Jury. In light of initial impressions, several members of the Jury interpret all of the evidence presented and form strong opinions after the statements. During this stage of communication, the attorneys exhibit both verbal and non- verbal communication skills to begin persuading the Jury in their favor. The opening statement will include not only the facts of the case, but emphasis on particular words and catch phrases to capture the Jury attention and sympathy toward each attorneys case. While the verbal language describes emotion and rationale, non verbal language is subjective, exhibited both consciously and unconsciously, and expresses emotion. Physical appearances, tone, gestures, facial expressions, and distance are all non rebel sources of communication which can modify or contradict the verbal message. Natural kinesics conveys an emotion before weve expressed it in word. (Morgan, 2008) An attorney will pay close attention to each of the Jurors body movements and facial expressions to ensure his communication is understood and holding the attention of all Jurors. Another commonly used non verbal communication an attorney uses to keep the Jury attentive is Proteomics. (Withal, 2006) Proteomics refers to the distance or space between speakers. The planned distance enhances the attorneys ability to generate Jury participation in his clients cause. He must be able to sell his client to the Jury. (Withal,2006) The attorney may physically move the podium to visually block the Jury view of the prosecutor, while simultaneously manipulating the space to provide a better visual of the defendant. Moving the pool closer to ten Jury Dog wall also project ten attorneys assonance Ana tone while he communicates his opening statement. This non-verbal communication modifies the attorneys words while provoking sympathy towards the defendant. An opening statement commonly used to gain a Jury sympathy and persuade the jurys first impression of the case, is a story telling technique. An attorney may verbally tell a story using time, personal names, and descriptive adjectives. The following expert is an example of this technique of communication: Prosecutor: This is a case of being in wrong place at the wrong time. Maria Zen left her house at 7:00 a. M. To drive to the supermarket. She put on her seat belt and drove west on Third Avenue. As she passed Little Peoples Day Care on her right, she slowed down. She was watching the road in front and the circle of children in the schoolyard on her right, when she heard a sudden screeching of tires and was smashed into by the pendant coming rapidly out of a side street on her left. At the end of the prosecutors opening statement, he will forewarn the Jury of the tactics opposing counsel will employ to counter-persuade the facts presented. The prosecutor will advise the Jury defense counsel will likely use specific arguments to persuade them to arriving at the scenario of the defendant. By verbally communicating to the Jury what to expect from defendants counsel, the prosecutor forms a trust with the Jury. At this time, several Jurors formulate opinions as to the guilt of the defendant. Defendants attorney will have to work twice as hard on his opening statement to persuade the Jury the prosecutor has Just manipulated their minds. Witnesses The goal of both attorneys is to interview witnesses to secure information on behalf of their clients, persuade the witnesses to answer questions to the advantage of their case, and to establish credibility of the witness. (Grub Homey, 2003) For an effective interview process, both attorneys must prepare, maintain control, listen, be alert, be patient and most of all be a good actor. (p. 140) Preparation includes pre-trial interviews with attorneys witnesses and review of case. In the courtroom, the prosecutor will verbally question the witness regarding the facts of the case. His tone and volume of his voice should be audible to the Judge, the witness and the jury. The questions the prosecutor presents to the witness should be asked in a chronological order for the Jury to absorb. Long winded verbal statements will derail the Jury understanding of the facts. The Jury will focus on the witnesss appearance, body language and speech. A witness, such as a security guard, should present himself in a clean, crisp professional uniform as well as a clean shaven appearance. While answering questions his body should not slouch but instead be upright and attentive, hands on lap, with eyes focused on the attorney or Jury. Several Jurors will see the witness as a professional incapable of giving misleading information due to rank or social standing. The prosecutor must prove the defendants guilt through burden of evidence. In order to prove the guilt of the defendant, the prosecutor must present evidence beyond the reasonable doubt. Written communications such as affidavits, medical records and other legal documents are presented to the court to support verbal facts given by the attorney. Verbal testimony is given by witnesses to the prosecutor and witnesses to the defense attorney. The prosecutor must verbally interview his wellness to gather cements Tact to support Nils case. He must teen Walt Tort Nils opportunity to cross examine the defense witness in order to persuade the testimony to support his case and discredit the testimony. Effective use of tone, body language and clear and accurate statements will provide him with the effective tools to persuade. The defense attorney does not have to prove the innocence of the defendant. The defendant can choose not to testify. It is the responsibility of the offense attorney to persuade the Jury the testimony provided by the prosecutors witnesses and written documentation provided by the prosecutor is not sufficient evidence to prove defendants guilt beyond reasonable doubt. Defendants attorney will use persuasive language, eye contact with the Jury and will, again, use techniques to gain the sympathy of the Jury towards the defendant. Closing Statement The prosecutor will verbally communicate to the Jury the evidence presented to the court. He will remind the Jury of the credibility of his witnesses as well as point out written documentation to support his case. The burden of responsibility will be laid at the feet of Jury by the prosecutor. He will tell the Jury it is their civil and judicial responsibility to see through the smoke screen presented by the defense. The prosecutor will not have another opportunity to speak with the Jury or refute the defense attorneys closing statement and will verbally communicate this message to the Jury in hopes the Jury will close their minds to the defense attorneys closing statement. The defense attorney will verbally tear apart the evidence presented to the Jury by the prosecutor. He will try to discredit the testimony given by the prosecutors attorney as well as demonstrate the written documentation is not sufficient to prove the defendants guilt. Eye contact by the defense attorney is shared equally with the jury and the defendant to solidify the tactic of sympathy. Just as the prosecutor laid the burden of responsibility at the Jury feet, so does the defense attorney. Such phrases as let the little guy be the on top this time, show the prosecutor he hasnt pulled the wool over your eyes, do what you feel is right, and the prosecution Just hasnt done his Job of establishing proof beyond the reasonable doubt are all persuasive tactics used in verbal communication. Deliberations The Judge will verbally go over the rules and procedures the Jury should follow during deliberations. He will recite the charges in the case and remind the Jury there must be sufficient evidence to prove the defendants guilt beyond the reasonable doubt. The Judge will then appoint a Jury chairman who will be responsible for organizing the deliberations, acting as liaison between the court and the Jury, and reading the final verdict of the Jury. The leaders and the followers are quickly labeled inside the Jury deliberation room. The leaders will all begin by verbally communicating the facts presented. The followers will listen, agreeing with opinions of the leaders. In order to arrive at a verdict, the Jury reviews photographs, written documentation and verbal testimony. In most cases, as previously stated, there will be several Jurors who have made their decision of guilt or innocence based on either the opening statements or the closing statements. The crucial Job of picking through the evidence is left with a handful of jurors to decide a verdict. During alternations Jury memoirs oxen I D t Don vernal Ana non vernal Torts AT communication. Verbal communication is exhibited through the use of volume or one as well as persuasive statements towards either sides case. Non verbal communication is exhibited through body language. Some Jurors may Just sit in silence indicating the desire to be a follower and to decide with the majority of the jury. Other forms of non-verbal communication exhibited by the Jury are body movements such as standing while presenting opinions, and slamming of fist on a conference table to show dance towards their point of view. In the end, the Jury comes to a verdict and proceeds back into the courtroom. Verdict At the end of deliberations, the Jury takes a vote by show of hands or paper ballot. The Jury then notifies the court officer they have come too verdict. The court officer escorts the Jury back into the court room to relay the verdict. The Judge will verbally recite each charge one at a time. The Jury chairman will either say guilty or not guilty. The Judge will then render the final verdict by verbally communicating each charge with each of the verdicts to follow. After the verdict is read, counsel will again communicate with the Jury through non verbal body language such as rolling of eyes in displeasure of the verdict or a positive nod of the head in agreement of the redirect. Finally, the Judge verbally thanks the Jury for conducting their civil and judicial duty in his courtroom. Conclusion Several types of communication skills are exhibited in the courtroom during a court trial proceeding. Verbal communication is demonstrated through tone, volume, emphasis on words or phrases and through persuasive language skills. Non-verbal communication is exhibited through the use of kinesics and proteomics both enhancing the each attorneys verbal communication. Although testimony of witnesses and exhibits are all forms of communication, the most crucial ammunitions between the attorneys and the Jury are during over dire, the opening statements, and closing statements.

Ethical Marketing Solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Marketing Solutions - Essay Example While the easiest solution for all these ethical issues is to tackle them head-on, it becomes complicated when the companies consider the profits they make. Best way for McDonald’s to tackle the obesity problem is to stop making fast foods altogether. The problem comes in when this is their main commodity and all their food chains around the world deal in fast foods. Several lawsuits against McDonald’s have been listened to in court but they end up paying for damages instead of being stopped from making these deadly fast foods. In appropriate adverts are trending worldwide with huge companies selling their products through sexual appeal and violence. All these should receive bans in order to be ethically appropriate but they prefer the market coverage to the ethics. Cigarette manufacturer, Philip Morris is the fifth most unethical company due to its marketing strategies. In the past, the company has targeted children and exploited their vulnerability to addictive habits. The company has also employed underage girls to handout free Marlboro cigarettes to children at clubs and concerts. On top of this unethical marketing, the company issued a report in the Czech Republic saying that premature smokers deaths have ‘positive effects’ because they save governments money (actionforourplanet.com, 2013). The above-mentioned company is my point of interest in this study, just as part of the ethical issues associated with tobacco smoking. An epidemic broke out in the year 2003 known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This syndrome caused thousands of death and the world health organization had to respond in finding the causative agent. The disease vectors discovered originated in a country that was hesitant to ban their production. They were still smuggled out of the country in order for the company responsible to cut their losses. After the vectors landed in another country, they were legally on sale therefore